Pengaruh Gaya Kepimpinan Ke Atas Prestasi Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Swasta

Influence of Leadership Style in the Performance of Private Higher Educational Institutions

Authors

  • Suhailie Yaacob UniKL

Keywords:

Kepimpinan transformasional, kepimpinan transaksional, kepimpinan laissez-faire, Prestasi organisasi

Abstract

This study aims to identify the influence of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles among leaders on the performance of the Private Higher Educational Institutions (PHEIs) in Malaysia. The respondents of this study are staff at three PHEIs, under UniKL in the northern region, which is UniKL Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, UniKL Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Perak and UniKL Malaysian Spanish Institute, Kulim, Kedah. The questionnaires were distributed to 152 randomly selected samples with a response rate of 97.37%. The data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The results show that transformational and transactional leadership have a significant and positive influence on the organizational performance. On the contrary, laissez-faire leadership has no significant influence on organizational performance. In view of this, when leaders incline to practice transformational and transactional leadership, the higher the organizational performance can be achieved. However, if the leaders practice laissez-faire leadership, it does not contribute to the organization's performance. This study contributes significantly to the leadership field, especially in the context of PHEIs as it is not widely examined in Malaysia. The findings of this study can be used as reference and guidelines to various parties, especially the administrators and PHEIs leaders in practicing leadership styles towards their subordinates.

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh gaya kepimpinan transformasional, kepimpinan transaksional dan kepimpinan laissez-faire ke atas prestasi Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Swasta (IPTS) di Malaysia.  Responden bagi kajian ini adalah terdiri daripada kakitangan di tiga buah IPTS, di bawah UniKL di bahagian utara, iaitu UniKL Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, UniKL Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Perak dan UniKL Malaysian Spanish Institute, Kulim, Kedah.  Soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada 152 sampel yang telah dipilih secara rawak dengan kadar respon 97.37%. Data yang dikumpul dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan regresi berganda menerusi Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 23.0. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa gaya kepimpinan transformasional dan gaya kepimpinan transaksional mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif terhadap prestasi organisasi.  Sebaliknya gaya kepimpinan laissez-faire tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi organisasi. Oleh itu dapat dijelaskan bahawa apabila pemimpin lebih cenderung mengamalkan gaya kepimpinan transformasional dan gaya kepimpinan transaksional, maka semakin tinggi prestasi organisasi dapat dicapai.  Namun begitu jika pemimpin mengamalkan gaya kepimpinan laissez-faire, ianya tidak menyumbang kepada prestasi organisasi. Kajian ini memberi sumbangan penting kepada bidang kepimpinan terutamanya dalam konteks IPTS memandangkan kajian sebegini masih terhad di Malaysia.  Dapatan kajian ini boleh dijadikan rujukan dan garis panduan kepada pelbagai pihak khususnya pihak pentadbir organisasi dan kepimpinan IPTS dalam menentukan gaya kepimpinan yang sesuai diamalkan terhadap kakitangan bawahan mereka.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abba, H.D., Anumaka, I.B., & Gaite, S.S. 2016. Leadership Practices and Productivity of Academic Staff in Polytechnics in Nigeria. American Journal of Academic Research. Vol 1, No 5

Abdulhafith Yahya Alharbi. (2017). Leadership styles of nurse managers and their effects on nurse and organisational performance, issues and problems. International Journal of Information Research and Review. Vol 4, No 9

Adams, D., Kutty, G.R., & Zuliana Mohd Zabidi. (2017). Educational Leadership for the 21st Century. International Online Journal of Educational Leadership. Vol 1, No 1

Adeniran, C.D.S. (2015). Leadership Styles and Job Productivity of University Library Staff: Interrogating the Nexus. Library Phylosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1269.

Alghazo, A.M., & Anazi, M.A. (2016). The Impact of Leadership Style on Employee’s Motivation. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration. Vol 2, No 5

Alloubani, A.M., Almatari, M., & Almukhtar, M.M. (2014). Review: Effects of Leadership Styles on Quality of Services in Healthcare. European Scientific Journal. Vol 10, No 18

Amanchukwu, R.N., Stanley, G.J., & Ololube, N.P. (2015). A Review of Leadership Theories, Principles and Styles and Their Relevance to Educational Management. Scientific and Academic Journal. Vol 5, No 1

Andi Nurfitri, Suhana Saad & Azmi Aziz. (2015). Membangun kepimpinan organisasi berasaskan budaya lokal: Suatu analisis perbandingan. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space. Vol 11, No 9

Anderson, M. (2016). Transformational Leadership in Education: A Review of Existing Literature. International Social Science Review. Vol 1, No 4

Austin Z.A. & Sutton J. (2014). Qualitative research: getting started. Can J Hosp Pharm. Vol 67, No 6

Bass, B. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. NewYork: Free Press.

Baharuzaini Baharin, Muhammad Hisham Adnan, Mohd Hanif Mohd Zin, Mohd Norhisyam Kamaludin, & Azlin Norhaini Mansor. (2016). Gaya Kepimpinan Guru Besar dan Tahap Efikasi Guru. Journal of Personalized Learning. Vol 2, No 1

Beverborg, A.O.G., Sleegers, P.J.C. & Veen, K.V. (2015). Fostering teacher learning in VET colleges: Do Leadership and Teamwork matter? Teaching and Teacher Education. Vol 48, No 2015

Brendel, W. & Chou, C. (2016). Transforming Organizational Change through Collaborative Digital Storytelling. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange. Vol 9, No 1

Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership. Newyork: Harper Torchbooks.

Fiedler’s Contigency Model, Matching Leadership Style to a Situation.

www.mindtools.com/pages/article/fiedler.htm.

Cote, R. (2017). A Comparison of Leadership Theories in an Organizational Environment. International Journal of Business Administration. Vol 8, No 5

Dabke, D. (2016). Impact of Leader’s Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Behavior on Perceived Leadership Effectiveness: A Multiple Source View. Business Perspectives and Research. Vol 4, No 1

Eric F.E. (2017). A national study of online learning leaders in US higher education. Online Learning. Vol 21, No 2

Gavriletea, M., & Wague, C. (2014). Laissez-faire Leadership: Doing Nothing and Its Destructive Effects. European Journal of Management. Vol 14, No 1

Gigliotti, R.A. & Ruben, B.D. (2017). Preparing Higher Education Leaders: A conceptual, strategic and operational approach. Journal of Leadership Education. Vol 16, No 1

Gopal, R., & Chowdhury, R.G. (2014). Leadership Styles and Employee Motivation: An Empirical Investigation in a Leading Oil Company in India. International Journal of Research in Business Management. Vol 2, No 5

Gozukara, I. (2016). Leadership and Managerial Effectiveness in Higher Education. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences. Vol 6, No 1

Haq, M.A., & Kuchinke, K.P. (2015). Impact of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Attitude Towards their Leader and Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistani Banks. Future Business Journal. Vol 2, No 201

Hoque, M.E. (2016). Investigating leadership practices in retail banking in South Africa: A case study of Nedbank. Journal of Banks and Bank Systems. Vol 11, No 3

Humborstad, S.U.W., & Giessner, S.R. (2015). The Thin Line between Empowering and Laissez-Faire Leadership: An Expectancy Match Perspective. Journal of Management. Vol 1, No 52

Irfanullah Khan & Allah Nawaz. (2016). The Leadership Styles and the Employees Performance: A Review. Gomal University Journal of Research. Vol 32, No 2

Jamilah Man, Yahya Don & Siti Noor Ismail. (2016). Hubungan Kepimpinan Sekolah dengan Tingkah Laku Guru Generasi ‘Y’. Proceeding of ICECRS. Vol 1, No 2016

Jia, P.L., Teck, K. L. & Pey, H.L. (2017). The Impact of Leadership on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Apllied Structural Equation Modelling. Vol 1, No 1

Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science; selected theoretical papers. D. Cartwright (ed.). New York: Harper & Row.

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013 – 2025. http://www.moe.gov.my/index.php/my/dasar/pelan-pembangunan-pendidikan-malaysia-2013-2025

Leh, L.Y., & Abdul Ghani Kanesan Abdullah. (2015). Persekitaran maklum balas dan kepercayaan terhadap pemimpin sebagai penentu bimbingan kerja dalam organisasi pendidikan. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan. Vol 2, No 3

Majid Ghasemy, Sufean Hussin, Megat Ahmad Kamaluddin Megat Daud & Mariani Md Nor. (2015). Assessment of Leadership Performance Effectiveness in Higher Education: A Malaysian Perspective. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Managament. Vol 3, No 4

Maryam Mahdinezhad, Nordin Yunus, Mohd Asri Mohd Noor & Sedingeh Shakib Kotamjani. (2017). The Association of Leadership Styles and Administrators’ Performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. Vol 7, No 6

Mohd Majid Konting (1990). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.

Munson, E.L. (1921). The Management of Men. New York: Holt.

Nanjundeswaraswamy, T.S., & Swamy, D.R. (2014). Leadership Styles. Advance in Management. Vol 7, No 2

Noorjamaatulurul Rashdi & Muhammad Khairulsyahmi Khamis (2017). Instructional Leadership Perspective of Private Schools’ Mission Definition. E-Academia Journal. Vol 6, No 2

Norazizah Che Mat, Muhammad Faizal A. Ghani, Norfariza Mohd Radzi & Mohd Nazri Che Jaafar. (2017). Keberkesanan Kepimpinan untuk Keamanan Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Majlis Amanah Rakyat. JuPiDi: Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan. Vol 4, No 4

Norsamsinar Samsudin, Rusliza Yahaya & Ibrahim Tamby Chek. (2013). The relationship between Leadership Behaviour and Organizational Commitment at a Higher Education Institution. Conference on Management, Economics and Finance. 28 – 29.

Nor Famiza Tarsik, Norliya Ahmad Kassim & Nurhidayah Nasharudin. (2014). Transformational, Transactional or Laissez-Faire: What Styles do University Librarians Practice? Journal of Organizational Management Studies. Vol 1, No 2014

Nurul Qistina Abu Bakar & Muhammad Faizal A. Ghani. (2017). Moral Leadership Among Heads of Departments at Selected Private Institutions in Klang Valley. Educational Administration Review. Vol 1, No 1

Pindek, S., Kessler, S.R., & Spector, P. E. (2017). A quantitative and qualitative review of what meta-analyses have contributed to our understanding of human resource management. Human Resource Management Review. Vol 27, No 2017

Robson, C. (2011). Real World Research: A Resource for Users of Social Research Methods in Applied Settings. Wiley Chichester.

Roselena Mansor & Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah (2015). Kepimpinan berkualiti: Perspektif mengenai Kompetensi yang diperlukan untuk Memimpin dengan Berkesan. Jurnal Pengurusan. Vol 45, No 2015

Rosnah Ishak, Muhammad Faizal, A.G., & Saedah Siraj. (2014). Amalan Kepimpinan Organisasi Pembelajaran di Sekolah Berprestasi Tinggi Malaysia. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan. Vol 1, No 2

Rozeta Che Omar. (2016). Hubungan antara tanggapan gaya kepimpinan, komunikasi kepimpinan dan komitmen afektif terhadap kualiti perkhidmatan di kalangan staf pentadbiran universiti swasta. DBA thesis, Universiti Utara Malaysia

Saharawati Shahar, Rahmah Ismail, Zulridah Mohd Noor & Ishak Yussof. (2015). Kecekapan teknik institusi pendidikan tinggi swasta di Malaysia. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia. Vol 49, No 1

Samsudin Wahab, Adlan Rahmat, Mohd Sukor Yusof, Badrisang Mohamed. (2016). Organization Performance and Leadership Style: Issues in Education Service. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol 224 (2016)

Sara Ghaffari, Ishak Mad Shah, Burgoyne, Mohammad Nazri & Jomana Salah Salah Aziz. (2017). The Influence of Motivation on Job Performance: A Case Study at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Australian Journal of Basic & Applied Science. Vol 1, No 4

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (5th ed.). Haddington: John Wiley & Sons.

Shamaki, E.B. (2015). Influence of Leadership Style on Teacher’s Job Productivity in Public Secondary Schools in Taraba State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice. Vol 6, No 10

Simon. H. (1957). The Compensation of Executives. Sociometry. 20

Simon, A.B. (2015). Qualities of Effective Leadership in Higher Education. Open Journal Leadership. Vol 4, No 2

Siti Noor Ismail & Yahya Don. (2015). Amalan Pengurusan Kualiti Menyeluruh (TQM) dan Hubungannya dengan Gaya Kepimpinan Pengetua. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan. Vol 2, No 1

Stogdill, R. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York: The Free Press.

Suhaiza Ismail. (2015). Factors Attracting the Use of Public Private Partnership in Malaysia. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries. Vol 18, No 1

Ukaidi, C.U.A. (2016). The Influence of Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance in Nigeria. Global Journal of Human Management. Vol 4, No 4

West, H., Jenkins, R. and Hill, J. (2017) Becoming an effective Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) Leader. Journal of Geography in Higher Education. Vol 41, No 3

Wictor, I., & Andersson, S. (2015). The Importance of Leadership and Vision in Born Globals. Business and Management Research. Vol 1, No 1

Wongyanon, S., Wijaya, A.F., Mardiyono, & Soeaidy M.S. (2015). Analysis of the Influence of Leadership Styles of Chief Executives to Organizational Performance of Local Organization in Thailand (A Case Study of Transformational, Transactional and Laissez-Faire Styles of Leadership in Pattaya City, Laemchabang City Municipality and Chonburi Provincial Organization). International Journal of Applied Sociology. Vol 5, No 2

Yammarino, F. (2013). Leadership: Past, Present and Future. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 1 – 7.

Zahra, N., Sarwar, S.Z., & Baig, A.I. (2015). Leadership Style of Middle Level Managers in Pakistan: A Study of Gender Role. International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah. Vol 3, No 10

Zhang, X., Li, N. & Dick, J.U.R. (2015). Getting Everyone on Board: The Effect of Differentiated Transformational Leadership by CEOs on Top Management Team Effectiveness and Leader-Rated Firm Performance. Journal of Management. Vol 41, No 7

Published

2019-06-30

How to Cite

Yaacob, S. (2019). Pengaruh Gaya Kepimpinan Ke Atas Prestasi Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Swasta: Influence of Leadership Style in the Performance of Private Higher Educational Institutions. The Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah Journal (JSASS), 6(1), 167-185. Retrieved from https://jsass.uis.edu.my/index.php/jsass/article/view/85